18-Antimicrobial

Item Number: 10304 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobial

1. Imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic which is neither a penicillin nor a

cephalosporin. Correct statements regarding imipenem include:

A. it covers an extremely broad spectrum of microorganisms

B. it is very active against many gram negative rods

C. resistant pseudomonas may emerge during treatment

D. it should not be given to patients having a history of allergic

reactions to penicillin

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10243 correct answer: 1 category: Antimicrobial

2. Which of the following drugs are generally considered to be bactericidal in

vitro?

A. cephalosporins

B. penicillins

C. aminoglycosides

D. clindamycin

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10256 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

3. Which of the following are true regarding cephalosporins?

A. "third generation" cephalosporins are generally more active

against gram-negative organisms

B. cephalosporins may depress beta-lactamase in certain organisms

(Enterobacter, pseudomonas, serratia) causing production of the

enzyme to increase markedly

C. the enzyme in part B above binds to the cephalosporin

D. enterococcus is never reliably sensitive to any available

cephalosporin

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10277 correct answer: 2 category: Antimicrobials

4. Aminoglycosides:

A. are very popular

B. are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

C. do not penetrate pulmonary secretions well

D. do not appear in urine in high concentrations

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10229 correct answer: 1 category: Antimicrobials

5. Some potential barriers to successful treatment of an abscess-cavitary

infection with an aminoglycoside include:

A. inactivation of aminoglycoside by an acidic medium

B. binding of the drug by pus

C. decreased ability of the drug to penetrate the abscess because of

poor vascularity

D. inactivation of aminoglycoside by alkaline medium

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10247 correct answer: 3 category: Antimicrobials

6. The drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is:

1. oxacillin

2. gentamicin

3. vancomycin

4. piperacillin

5. None of the above

Item Number: 10263 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

7. Cefazolin is generally preferred among the first-generation cephalosporins,

because it:

A. has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile

B. has a longer half-life than comparable drugs

C. may be dosed every 8 hours

D. costs less for a hospital to utilize, since it may be given less

frequently than comparable drugs

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10283 correct answer: 2 category: Antimicrobials

8. Tetracyclines:

A. are bacteriostatic in vitro

B. are bactericidal in vitro

C. are effective against rickettsiae

D. interfere primarily with cell wall synthesis

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10232 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobial

9. Prophylactic antibiotics in the United States are associated with:

A. increased incidence of infections in some cases

B. decreased incidence of infections in some cases

C. increased cost in some cases

D. decreased cost in some cases

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10249 correct answer: 1 category: Antimicrobials

10. Penicillin:

A. has a half-life of about 30 minutes

B. is primarily excreted renally

C. has an average duration of about 26 days when administered in the

benzathine form

D. readily enters CSF when meninges are normal

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10265 correct answer: 3 category: Antimicrobials

11. Patients having a history of a severe, immediate reaction to penicillin:

A. may be given a cephalosporin without concern

B. have a definite risk of reaction to any cephalosporin

C. have a low risk of having a reaction to a broad spectrum

antipseudomonal penicillin

D. have a high risk of hypersensitivity to a broad spectrum anti-

pseudomonal penicillin

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10290 correct answer: 1 category: Antimicrobials

12. Chloramphenicol is associated with:

A. pancytopenia

B. gray-baby syndrome

C. reversible erythroid-suppression of bone marrow

D. renal failure

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10295 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

13. Vancomycin:

A. is a treatment for clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea

B. is useful in treating methicillin-resistant staphylococci

C. is potentially ototoxic

D. requires a dosage adjustment when administered to patients with

impaired renal function

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10238 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

14. Cavalier use of antibiotics in the hospital setting may be associated with:

A. increased cost

B. increased toxicity

C. alteration of hospital flora

D. increased incidence of infections

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10254 correct answer: 2 category: Antimicrobials

15. The drug of choice for Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus) in a patient

with no drug allergies is:

1. erythromycin

2. penicillin

3. vancomycin

4. ceftriaxone

5. gentamicin

Item Number: 10272 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

16. Aminoglycosides are:

A. excreted renally

B. bactericidal

C. potentially toxic to the auditory and vestibular portions of the

eighth cranial nerve

D. potentially nephrotoxic

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,C

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10291 correct answer: 1 category: Antimicrobials

17. Clindamycin is:

A. associated with diarrhea

B. active against anaerobes

C. active against some gram-positive organisms

D. active against some gram-negative organisms

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10303 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

18. Amphotericin B is a very useful agent for treating fungal infections. Correct

statements regarding amphotericin include:

A. it is both hydrophilic and lipophilic

B. it binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane

C. a test dose should be administered before treatment begins

D. nephrotoxicity may occur

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10242 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

19. Sulfonamides:

A. are competitive antagonists of PABA, and thereby decrease

bacterial utilization of para-aminobenzoic acid in the synthesis

of folic acid

B. do not affect mammalian cells, since they require pre-formed folic

acid

C. are synergistic with trimethoprim, which inhibits dihydrofolate

reductase (which reduces dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate)

D. can be antagonized by PABA

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10255 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

20. Circumstances associated with allergy to penicillins may include:

A. maculopapular or urticarial rash

B. anaphylaxis

C. anaphylactic reaction to penicillin skin-tests

D. exposure to penicillins in food

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 10276 correct answer: 5 category: Antimicrobials

21. Aminoglycosides:

A. must be dosed on the basis of renal function

B. are primarily active against gram-negative aerobes

C. are not active against anaerobes

D. penicillin may be synergistic against enterococcus

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

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