8 - AUTONOMICS

Item Number: 6875 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

1. Symptoms that might be helpful in distinguishing between 'cholinergic

crisis'(e.g., overdose with cholinesterase inhibitors) and an acute

exacerbation of myasthenia gravis include:

A. increased salivation

B. muscle fasciculations (twitching)

C. profuse sweating

D. muscle weakness

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 6834 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

2. Drug Y produces a slowing heart rate when injected intravenously into an

animal. This slowing in heart rate does not occur if the animal is

bilaterally vagotomized. Drug Y may be:

A. phenylephrine

B. levarterenol

C. methoxamine

D. isoproterenol

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2048 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

3. The rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine involves the

enzyme:

1. tryptophan hydroxylase

2. phenylalanine hydroxylase

3. dopamine beta-hydroxylase

4. tyrosine hydroxylase

5. tryptophan decarboxylase

Item Number: 3665 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

4. Neurotransmitters found within the central nervous system include:

A. dopamine

B. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

C. 5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin)

D. norepinephrine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2069 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

5. Your pharmacology laboratory has been given a new compound for screening. It

is found to increase the heart rate but has no effect on the eye. It also

caused a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure as well as

relaxation of the bronchial muscle. This compound would be categorized as:

1. antimuscarinic

2. beta agonist

3. beta antagonist

4. alpha antagonist

5. muscarinic

Item Number: 2112 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

6. All of the following statements concerning the structure-activity

relationships of sympathomimetic amines are true EXCEPT:

1. the presence of a hydroxyl group in the 3 and 4 positions on the benzene

ring is characteristic of the "catechol" nucleus

2. resistance to monamine oxidase is conferred by alkyl substitution on the

alpha carbon of the phenylethylamine structure

3. the presence of hydroxyl groups in the 3 and 5 positions of a benzene

ring increases the specificity for beta-1 receptors in the lung

4. a large alkyl substitution on the amino group of a direct-acting

sympathomimetic increases the specificity for beta receptors

5. the absence of hydroxyl groups of the benzene ring of indirect-acting

sympathomimetic amines increases oral effectiveness

Item Number: 2096 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

7. Recent investigation has demonstrated the existence of both presynaptic alpha

receptors (à2) and postsynaptic alpha receptors (à1). All of the following

statements concerning these alpha receptors are true EXCEPT:

1. clonidine is an à2 selective agonist

2. methoxamine and phenylephrine are à2 selective agonists

3. prazosin and phenoxybenzamine are à1 selective antagonists

4. phentolamine is a nonselective alpha antagonist

5. epinephrine and norepinephrine are nonselective alpha agonists

Item Number: 2127 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

8. All of the following statements concerning physostigmine and neostigmine are

true EXCEPT:

1. physostigmine and neostigmine are classified as reversible

cholinesterase inhibitors

2. neostigmine stimulates nicotinic receptors at ganglia and neuromuscular

junctions unlike physostigmine

3. physostigmine is well absorbed orally

4. a major problem encountered with neostigmine is the unpleasant central

nervous system effects which result from its administration

5. physostigmine is a tertiary amine and is able to penetrate the central

nervous system

Item Number: 2120 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

9. All of the following statements are true concerning effects of intravenous

infusion of norepinephrine at 10 UG/Min EXCEPT:

1. an increase in pulse rate

2. an increase in pulse pressure

3. a marked increase in peripheral resistance

4. an increase in systolic blood pressure

5. an increase in diastolic blood pressure

Item Number: 2134 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

10. Your pharmacology laboratory has been given an unknown compound for screening.

It is found to contract the sphincter muscle of the eye, decrease the heart

rate, increase bronchial gland secretions and causes sweating. You would

classify this compound as (an):

1. antimuscarinic

2. alpha agonist

3. alpha antagonist

4. beta antagonist

5. muscarinic

Item Number: 2125 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

11. True statements concerning the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the

autonomic nervous system include:

1. parasympathetic branch predominates under normal physiologic conditions

while the sympathetic branch predominates during stressful episodes

2. acetylcholine is the chemical mediator at the ganglia of both branches

and causes stimulation of nicotinic receptors postsynaptically

3. the adrenal medulla acts as a postganglionic sympathetic neuron and

produces norepinephrine which travels via the bloodstream to stimulate

alpha, beta-1 and beta-1 receptors

4. 1,2

5. 1,3

Item Number: 2397 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

12. Which of the following statements is (are) correct concerning adrenergic

drugs?

A. at beta-1 receptors, isoproterenol is more potent than

epinephrine, which is equipotent with norepinephrine

B. at alpha-1 receptors, epinephrine is less potent than

norepinephrine, which in turn is much more potent than

isoproterenol

C. at alpha-1 receptors, epinephrine is equal to or more potent than

norepinephrine, which in turn is much more potent than

isoproterenol

D. at beta-2 receptors, isoproterenol is equal to or more potent than

epinephrine, which is much less potent than norepinephrine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2184 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

13. All of the following statements concerning catecholamine biosynthesis

are true EXCEPT:

1. all of the enzymes involved with catecholamine biosynthesis are highly

specific for each substance

2. tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine

biosynthesis

3. the level of glucocorticoid influences the concentration of

phenyl-n-methyltransferase and hence the conversion of norepinephrine to

epinephrine

4. the conversion of tyrosine to dopa and dopa to dopamine occurs in the

cytoplasm of the adrenergic nerve terminal

5. the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine via dopamine

beta-hydroxylase tales place within the granule of the adrenergic nerve

terminal

Item Number: 2213 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

14. Which of the following statements concerning the nerve action potential is

(are) correct?

A. an inhibitory neurotransmitter causes a selective decrease in

permeability to potassium and chloride resulting in

hyperpolarization (IPSP)

B. an excitatory neurotransmitter causes a selective increase in

permeability to all types of ions resulting in an excitatory

postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

C. conduction of the action potential refers to passage of an impulse

along an axon or muscle fiber

D. an inhibitory neurotransmitter causes a selective increase in

permeability to potassium and chloride resulting in

hyperpolarization (IPSP)

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. B,C,D

5. D only

Item Number: 2193 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

15. Your pharmacology laboratory has received a new compound for screening.

Initial experimentation with the compound yields the following findings: It

causes contraction of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder, contraction

of the sphincter muscle of the iris, and secretion of lacrimal glands. With

this information you might initially classify the compound as a(an):

1. alpha agonist

2. muscarinic agonist

3. beta agonist

4. anticholinergic

5. alpha antagonist

Item Number: 2221 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

16. Respiratory effects of epinephrine include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

2. inhibition of antigen-induced release of histamine

3. potent central nervous system stimulation

4. increase in respiratory rate and tidal volume

5. constriction of pulmonary vessels when administered as an aerosol

Item Number: 2215 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

17. Correct statements concerning receptor location include:

A. nicotine (N1) receptors have been found to occur at autonomic

ganglion cells

B. alpha adrenergic receptors have been found to exist on presynaptic

terminals (à1) in addition to other locations such as blood

platelets

C. beta adrenergic receptors have been found in the heart ( 1) and in

other sites ( 2)

D. muscarinic receptors have been localized to the autonomic effector

cells of the sympathetic nervous system

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2240 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

18. All of the following drugs are examples of direct acting beta agonists EXCEPT:

1. phenylephrine

2. metaproterenol

3. isoetharine

4. albuterol

5. terbutaline

Item Number: 2227 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

19. Which of the following statements concerning the intravenous administration of

catecholamines is (are) true?

A. isoproterenol causes a decrease in peripheral resistance and A

significant increase in pulse rate

B. norepinephrine causes an increase in pulse rate and peripheral

resistance

C. epinephrine causes an increase in pulse rate and a decrease in

peripheral resistance

D. norepinephrine causes an increase in systolic blood pressure and a

decrease in diastolic pressure

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2978 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

20. Preterm labor can be terminated by the use of drugs which cause relaxation of

uterine smooth muscle. Drugs which have been used for this purpose include:

A. fenoterol

B. ritodrine

C. terbutaline

D. metoprolol

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 3747 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

21. Which of the following statements are true concerning the autonomic nervous

system?

A. the principle neurotransmitter of the sans is norepinephrine

B. the PANS is characterized by long preganglionic and short

postganglionic fibers

C. the principle neurotransmitter of the pans is acetylcholine

D. acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that stimulates the adrenal

gland to release catecholamine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 3091 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

22. Your pharmacology laboratory has a new compound for screening. It is found to

cause tachycardia, mydriasis, urinary retention and cycloplegia. You would

classify this agent as a(an):

1. alpha agonist

2. ganglionic blocker

3. beta-1 agonist

4. nicotinic agonist

5. muscarinic agonist

Item Number: 3879 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

23. The most important mechanism for terminating the activity of released

norepinephrine from the presynaptic terminal is:

1. uptake-2

2. enzymatic destruction

3. diffusion into the systemic circulation

4. uptake-1

5. presynaptic receptor stimulation

Item Number: 3964 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

24. A pharmacology laboratory is given a new compound for screening. This drug

causes mydriasis and bradycardia, and causes pain and difficulty in

micturition. You would classify this compound as a(an):

1. alpha agonist

2. anticholinergic

3. muscarinic agonist

4. beta blocker

5. nicotinic antagonist

Item Number: 3980 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

25. All of the following drugs are examples of direct acting alpha agonists

EXCEPT:

A. phenylephrine

B. metaraminol

C. methoxamine

D. metaproterenol

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 3981 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

26. A patient with a history of thioridazine ingestion enters the emergency room

exhibiting the following signs: delirium, mydriasis, tachycardia and dry skin.

A drug which could help you confirm the patient's ingestion is:

1. phenylephrine

2. naloxone

3. physostigmine

4. edrophonium

5. neostigmine

Item Number: 4010 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

27. Your pharmacology laboratory has received a new alpha agonist for screening.

Which of the following effects would you expect to see if you initially

administer atropine followed by the alpha agonist?

A. mydriasis

B. bradycardia

C. urinary retention

D. salivation

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 4037 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

28. Which of the following statements concerning the mechanisms of action of

autonomic drugs is (are) true?

A. atropine effectively antagonizes the action of acetylcholine at

muscarinic and nicotinic sites

B. quaternary anticholinesterase inhibitors exert both indirect and

direct effects at nicotinic sites

C. ganglionic blocking agents are not widely used today principally

because of the multiple CNS toxicities

D. alpha agonists are thought to stimulate the recently discovered

alpha receptors which have been subdivided into two populations:

alpha-1 (postsynaptic) and alpha-2 (presynaptic)

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 4046 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

29. Which of the following statements accurately describe the concept "transmitter

economy"?

A. transmitter economy refers to the reuptake of released

catecholamine for subsequent reutilization in neurotransmission

B. transmitter economy refers to the reuptake of choline in the

synaptic cleft for reutilization in acetylcholine synthesis

C. transmitter economy refers to a process which helps to conserve

synaptic supplies of norepinephrine

D. transmitter economy is a process coined by Alexander Regan which

ascribes receptor down regulation to supply side economics

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 4052 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

30. Which of the following statements are true?

A. terbutaline is relatively specific for Beta-2 receptors and is

used as a bronchodilator

B. guanethidine blocks responses to indirect acting sympathomimetic

amines and potentiates they actions of exogenous epinephrine by

inhibiting neuronal uptake

C. MAO (monoamine oxidase) is the enzyme which catalyzes the

oxidative deamination of catecholamines to form aldehyde

derivatives

D. yohimbine is an ergot alkaloid which has beta blocking activity

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 3481 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

31. Correct statements concerning physostigmine and neostigmine include:

A. physostigmine and neostigmine are both classified as reversible

cholinesterase inhibitors

B. physostigmine, unlike neostigmine, is thought to exert a direct

stimulatory effect at nicotinic receptors

C. physostigmine is classified as a tertiary amine whereas

neostigmine is a quaternary salt

D. neostigmine should be used in place of physostigmine for reversal

of central anticholinergic toxicity

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2943 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

32. Which of the following statements is (are) true?

A. the veins are predominantly under sympathetic control

B. the heart is predominantly under sympathetic control

C. the urinary bladder is predominantly under parasympathetic control

D. the arterioles are predominantly under parasympathetic control

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All are correct

Item Number: 6551 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

33. Correct statements regarding the D-2 receptor include:

A. the ergot alkaloids act as agonists at the receptor

B. the D-2 Receptor is generally less sensitive to dopamine agonists

than is the D-1 receptor

C. metoclopramide is felt to be a selective antagonist at the D-2

receptor

D. the prototype location for the D-2 receptor is the parathyroid

gland

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2287 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

34. All of the following classes of drugs can demonstrate anticholinergic side

effects EXCEPT:

1. tricyclic antidepressants

2. antihistamines

3. phenothiazines

4. anticonvulsants

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2266 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

35. Which of the following statements concerning anticholinesterases is (are)

true?

A. pyridostigmine is a quaternary compound which is administered

orally for the treatment of myasthenia gravis

B. they act as "decurarizing drugs and will reverse the antagonism of

competitive neuromuscular blocking agents

C. physostigmine is a tertiary compound which is regarded as the

anticholinesterase of choice for reversal of CNS anticholinergic

toxicity

D. unlike the tertiary anticholinesterases, quaternary compounds have

direct agonist effects at the neuromuscular junction

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2310 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

36. Potential sites for cholinergic synapses include:

A. autonomic effector sites, innervated by postganglionic

parasympathetic fibers

B. sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells, and the adrenal

medulla

C. motor end-plates on skeletal muscles

D. certain synapses within the central nervous system

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2289 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

37. Your pharmacology laboratory has received a compound for testing purposes.

Initial experimentation with the compound yields the following observations:

It causes contraction of the radial muscle of the iris, constriction of the

arterioles of the skin and mucosa, and hyperglycemia. You would classify this

compound as a(an):

1. anticholinergic

2. beta blocker

3. alpha agonist

4. muscarinic

5. antimuscarinic

Item Number: 2322 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

38. The rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis is:

1. aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase

2. dopamine-beta-hydroxylase

3. tryptophan hydroxylase

4. phenylalanine hydroxylase

5. None of the above

Item Number: 2317 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

39. Drugs which have no nicotinic activity, and are resistant to the activity of

acetylcholinesterase include:

A. acetylcholine

B. methacholine

C. carbachol

D. bethanechol

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2389 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

40. Examples of pharmacologic effects of ganglionic blocking drugs include:

A. cycloplegia

B. vasodilatation, increased peripheral blood flow; hypotension

C. anhidrosis

D. bradycardia

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2337 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

41. Correct statements regarding the anticholinergic drugs, atropine and

scopolamine, include:

A. scopolamine has a more potent action on the iris, ciliary body,

and certain secretory glands (salivary, bronchial, and sweat)

B. scopolamine does not depress the central nervous system in doses

that are used clinically and therefore is given in preference to

atropine for most purposes

C. atropine is more potent than scopolamine on the heart, intestine

and bronchial muscle

D. scopolamine has a longer duration of action that atropine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. None of the above

Item Number: 2430 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

42. Which of the following metabolic effects are observed following epinephrine

administration?

A. decrease in uptake of glucose by peripheral tissues

B. increase in free fatty acids via activation of triglyceride lipase

C. transient increase in serum potassium due to release of the ion

from the liver

D. inhibition of insulin secretion via stimulation of beta receptors

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B only

4. B,D

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2438 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

43. Correct statements regarding the pharmacological actions of anticholinergics

include:

A. gastric secretion is greatly altered by conventional doses of

belladonna alkaloids

B. full therapeutic doses of atropine sulfate produce definite and

prolonged inhibitory effects on the motor activity of the stomach,

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon

C. anticholinergic doses needed to produce inhibition of

gastrointestinal motor activity are sufficient to depress salivary

secretion and usually produce ocular and cardiac effects

D. atropine reduces the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. A,D

4. B and C

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2436 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

44. All of the following statements regarding cholinergic blockage are true

EXCEPT:

1. muscarinic actions of all parasympathomimetic drugs are blocked

selectively by atropine, through competitive occupation of cholinergic

receptors

2. epinephrine and other sympathomimetic amines antagonize most muscarinic

effects at sites where adrenergic and cholinergic impulses produce

opposing effects

3. nicotinic effects of acetylcholine and its derivatives at autonomic

ganglia are blocked by hexamethonium

4. nicotinic effects of acetylcholine and its derivatives at the

neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle are antagonized by D-

tubocurarine

5. muscarinic effects of acetylcholine and its derivatives at autonomic

ganglia are blocked by hexamethonium

Item Number: 2489 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

45. Which of the following regulatory agents or conditions would be expected to

cause a decrease in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors?

A. propranolol

B. guanethidine

C. alcohol withdrawal

D. beta-adrenergic agonists

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2482 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

46. Which of the following statements regarding the central noradrenergic

neuron is (are) true?

A. alpha-methyl tyrosine can block the tyrosine hydroxylase reaction

in catecholamine biosynthesis via competitive inhibition

B. tetrabenazine and reserpine both interfere with the uptake storage

mechanism of the noradrenergic neuron; however the tetrabenazine

effects do not appear to be irreversible

C. norepinephrine has its action terminated principally by reuptake

into the presynaptic neuron

D. norepinephrine and dopamine present in a free state with the

presynaptic terminal can be degraded by COMT, which appears to be

located in the outer membrane of the mitochondria

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2538 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

47. All of the following drugs are classified as indirect or mixed acting agents

EXCEPT:

A. ephedrine

B. dopamine

C. amphetamine

D. dobutamine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. None of the above; all are correct

Item Number: 2633 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

48. Ganglionic blockade would be expected to give rise to all of the following

EXCEPT:

1. arteriolar vasodilation, increased peripheral flow and hypotension

2. venodilation, pooling of blood, decreased venous return, and decreased

cardiac output

3. reduced gastrointestinal tone and motility; constipation

4. bradycardia

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2631 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

49. All of the following statements concerning the effects of anticholinesterase

agents are true EXCEPT:

1. when applied topically to the anti-cholinesterase agents cause

conjunctival hyperemia, miosis, and constriction of the ciliary muscle

2. enhancement of gastric contractions and increased secretion of gastric

acid from parietal cells

3. augmentation of secretory function in bronchial, lacrimal, sweat,

salivary, gastric, and intestinal glands

4. increase the effective refractory period of cardiac muscle and decrease

the conduction time in conducting tissue

5. stimulation followed by depression or paralysis, of all autonomic

ganglia and skeletal muscle (nicotinic action)

Item Number: 2634 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

50. The passage of impulses at autonomic ganglia can be influenced by drugs

that act to:

1. interfere with the storage of synthesis of the transmitter (e.g.,

hemicholinium)

2. prevent the liberation of acetylcholine from the preganglionic nerve

endings (e.g., botulinus toxin)

3. inactivate ganglionic cholinesterases (e.g., physostigmine)

4. either mimic or prevent the interaction between acetylcholine and its

ganglionic (nicotinic) cholinergic receptor sites

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2645 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

51. Neurotransmitters found within the central nervous system include all of the

following EXCEPT:

1. 5-hydroxytryptamine

2. glutamate

3. GABA

4. dopamine

5. isoproterenol

Item Number: 2658 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

52. Manifestations of ganglionic blockade include:

A. mydriasis

B. urinary retention

C. tachycardia

D. decreased venous return

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2715 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

53. All of the following drugs act on beta-adrenergic receptors EXCEPT:

A. metaproterenol

B. isoetharine

C. terbutaline

D. bethanechol

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2681 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

54. Which of the following drugs has no nicotinic activity?

A. methacholine

B. pilocarpine

C. carbachol

D. bethanechol

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. None of the above

Item Number: 2717 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

55. The drug which would be most effective in reversing the central manifestations

of anticholinergic toxicity is:

1. edrophonium

2. pyridostigmine

3. neostigmine

4. physostigmine

5. scopolamine

Item Number: 2716 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

56. Direct acting cholinergic agonists include:

A. physostigmine

B. muscarine

C. propantheline

D. pilocarpine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2719 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

57. Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at nicotinic (N1)

receptors?

1. atropine

2. curare

3. scopolamine

4. hexamethonium

5. neostigmine

Item Number: 2718 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

58. Which of the following drug classes do not demonstrate anticholinergic

effects?

A. phenothiazines

B. antiarrhythmics

C. antihistamines

D. tricyclic antidepressants

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. None of the above

Item Number: 2947 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

59. Which of the following drugs is classified as a selective alpha-1 agonist?

1. prazosin

2. norepinephrine

3. phenylephrine

4. phenoxybenzamine

5. epinephrine

Item Number: 2962 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

60. The activity of norepinephrine released at the synaptic cleft is terminated

principally by which of the following processes?

1. uptake-1

2. uptake-2

3. removal by the bloodstream

4. stimulation of presynaptic autoreceptors

5. enzymatic destruction within the synaptic cleft

Item Number: 2954 correct answer: 1 category: Autonomics

61. Your pharmacology laboratory is given a new compound for screening. It is

found to increase heart rate, reduce blood pressure and reduce uterine

contractility. You would classify this agent as:

1. beta agonist

2. muscarinic agonist

3. nicotinic agonist

4. alpha antagonist

5. antimuscarinic

Item Number: 2977 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

62. Drugs which exert their effects (either agonist or antagonist) on presynaptic

alpha receptors (alpha-2) include:

A. phenylephrine

B. clonidine

C. prazosin

D. yohimbine

1. A,B,C

2. A,B

3. A,C

4. B,D

5. C,D

Item Number: 2972 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

63. Nicotinic receptors are situated at which of the following locations?

A. adrenal gland

B. neuromuscular junction

C. central nervous system

D. autonomic ganglia

1. A,B,C

2. A,B

3. A,C

4. B,D

5. All of the above

Item Number: 3129 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

64. Drugs contraindicated in the management of patients with asthma include all of

the following EXCEPT:

1. physostigmine

2. bethanechol

3. propranolol

4. atropine

5. methacholine

Item Number: 2670 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

65. All of the following statements concerning the cholinergic and adrenergic

receptors are true EXCEPT:

A. nicotinic (N2) receptors are found at the neuromuscular junction

B. nicotinic (N1) receptors are found at the autonomic ganglia

C. beta-1 receptors are found chiefly at cardiac sites and beta-2

receptors are found in smooth muscle and gland cells

D. alpha-1 receptors are localized to presynaptic terminals whereas

alpha-2 receptors are found at postsynaptic sites

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 3821 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

66. Pharmacologic effects of ganglionic blocking drugs include:

A. cycloplegia

B. sweating

C. vasodilation, hypotension, increased peripheral blood flow

D. bradycardia

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2152 correct answer: 4 category: Autonomics

67. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at which of the following cholinergic

receptor sites?

1. nicotinic

2. neuromuscular

3. nonnicotinic ganglionic

4. All of the above

5. 1,2

Item Number: 2161 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

68. Prevertebral ganglia include:

1. superior cervical

2. superior mesenteric

3. celiac

4. 1,2

5. 2,3

Item Number: 6562 correct answer: 3 category: Autonomics

69. Monamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyltransferase are the true important

enzymes in the initial steps of catecholamine metabolism. The principal

resulting metabolites include:

A. 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

B. VMA (vanillylmandelic acid)

C. SKP (SKP-2-NXT-SER)

D. MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol)

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2654 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

70. Examples of indirect-acting sympathomimetics include:

A. amphetamine

B. methoxamine

C. hydroxyamphetamine

D. phenylephrine

1. A,B,C

2. A,C

3. B,D

4. D only

5. All of the above

Item Number: 2141 correct answer: 5 category: Autonomics

71. An unknown compound causes miosis, drowsiness and mental clouding, respiratory

depression, nausea and constipation. You would classify this compound as:

1. antimuscarinic

2. muscarinic

3. alpha agonist

4. alpha antagonist

5. None of the above

Item Number: 3689 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

72. Your basement pharmacology laboratory correctly identified an unknown compound

several years ago. This compound caused an increase in heart rate, reduction

in mean blood pressure and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This

compound is marketed today under the names of:

1. propranolol

2. isoproterenol

3. trimethaphan

4. phenylephrine

5. bethanechol

Item Number: 2785 correct answer: 2 category: Autonomics

73. Your pharmacology laboratory has been given a new compound for screening. It is found to increase heart rate, dilate the pupil, reduce glandular secretions

and decrease gastrointestinal motility. You would classify this compound as

a(an):

1. alpha agonist

2. antimuscarinic

3. beta agonist

4. parasympathomimetic

5. beta agonis