|
605: |
The Holy Prophet arbitrates
in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the
Kaaba. |
|
610: |
The first revelation in the
cave at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet is commissioned as the Messenger of God.
|
|
613: |
Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting
the general public to Islam. |
|
614: |
Invitation to the Hashimites
to accept Islam. |
|
615: |
Persecution of the Muslims by
the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia. |
|
616: |
Second Hijrah to Abysinnia.
|
|
617: |
Social boycott of the Hashimites
and the Holy Prophet by the Quraish. The Hashimites are shut up in a glen
outside Makkah. |
|
619: |
Lifting of the boycott. Deaths
of Abu Talib and Hadrat Khadija. Year of sorrow. |
|
620: |
Journey to Taif. Ascension to
the heavens. |
|
621: |
First pledge at Aqaba. |
|
622: |
Second pledge at Aqaba. The
Holy Prophet and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib. |
|
623: |
Nakhla expedition. |
|
624: |
Battle of Badr. Expulsion of
the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Madina. |
|
625: |
Battle of Uhud. Massacre of
70 Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Madina. Second
expedition of Badr. |
|
626: |
Expedition of Banu Mustaliq.
|
|
627: |
Battle of the Trench. Expulsion
of Banu Quraiza Jews. |
|
628: |
Truce of Hudaibiya. Expedition
to Khyber. The Holy Prophet addresses letters to various heads of states.
|
|
629: |
The Holy Prophet performs the
pilgrimage at Makkah. Expedition to Muta (Romans). |
|
630: |
Conquest of Makkah. Battles
of Hunsin, Auras, and Taif. |
|
631: |
Expedition to Tabuk. Year of
Deputations. |
|
632: |
Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah.
|
|
632: |
Death of the Holy Prophet. Election
of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition to Syria. Battles
of Zu Qissa and Abraq. Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against
Bani Tamim and Musailima, the Liar. |
|
633: |
Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman,
Mahrah Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battles of Kazima, Mazar, Walaja,
Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and Firaz. |
|
634: |
Battles of Basra, Damascus and
Ajnadin. Death of Hadrat Abu Bakr. Hadrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph.
Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia. |
|
635: |
Battle of Bridge. Battle of
Buwaib. Conquest of Damascus. Battle of Fahl. |
|
636: |
Battle of Yermuk. Battle of
Qadsiyia. Conquest of Madain. |
|
637: |
Conquest of Syria. Fall of
Jerusalem. Battle of Jalula. |
|
638: |
Conquest of Jazirah. |
|
639: |
Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance
into Egypt. |
|
640: |
Capture of the post of Caesaria
in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon
in Egypt. |
|
641: |
Battle of Nihawand. Conquest
Of Alexandria in Egypt. |
|
642: |
Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest
of Egypt. Foundation of Fustat. |
|
643: |
Conquest of Azarbaijan and
Tabaristan (Russia). |
|
644: |
Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan,
Mekran and Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat Othman becomes the Caliph.
|
|
645: |
Campaigns in Fats. |
|
646: |
Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain
and Asia Minor. |
|
647: |
Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest
of the island of Cypress. |
|
648: |
Campaigns against the Byzantines.
|
|
651: |
Naval battle of the Masts against
the Byzantines. |
|
652: |
Discontentment and disaffection
against the rule of Hadrat Othman. |
|
656: |
Martyrdom of Hadrat Othman.
Hadrat Ali becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel. |
|
657: |
Hadrat Ali shifts the capital
from Madina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin. Arbitration proceedings at Daumaut
ul Jandal. |
|
658: |
Battle of Nahrawan. |
|
659: |
Conquest of Egypt by Mu'awiyah.
|
|
660: |
Hadrat Ali recaptures Hijaz
and Yemen from Mu'awiyah. Mu'awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.
|
|
661: |
Martyrdom of Hadrat Ali. Accession
of Hadrat Hasan and his abdication. Mu'awiyah becomes the sole Caliph. |
|
662: |
Khawarij revolts. |
|
666: |
Raid of Sicily. |
|
670: |
Advance in North Africa. Uqba
b Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul. |
|
672: |
Capture of the island of Rhodes.
Campaigns in Khurasan. |
|
674: |
The Muslims cross the Oxus.
Bukhara becomes a vassal state. |
|
677: |
Occupation of Sarnarkand and
Tirmiz. Siege of Constantinople. |
|
680: |
Death of Muawiyah. Accession
of Yazid. Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hadrat Hussain. |
|
682: |
In North Africa Uqba b Nafe
marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate
Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa. |
|
683: |
Death of Yazid. Accession of
Mu'awiyah II. |
|
684: |
Abdullah b Zubair declares himself
aS the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle
of Marj Rahat. |
|
685: |
Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik
becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada. |
|
686: |
Mukhtar declares himself as
the Caliph at Kufa. |
|
687: |
Battle of Kufa between the forces
of Mukhtar and Abdullah b Zubair. Mukhtar killed. |
|
691: |
Battle of Deir ul Jaliq. Kufa
falls to Abdul Malik. |
|
692: |
The fall of Makkah. Death of
Abdullah b Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph. |
|
695: |
Khawarij revolts in Jazira and
Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The'
Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana
and occupy Kish. |
|
700: |
Campaigns against the Berbers
in North Africa. |
|
702: |
Ashath's rebellion in Iraq,
battle of Deir ul Jamira. |
|
705: |
Death of Abdul Malik. Accession
of Walid I as Caliph. |
|
711: |
Conquest of Spain, Sind and
Transoxiana. |
|
712: |
The Muslims advance in Spain,
Sind and Transoxiana. |
|
713: |
Conquest of Multan. |
|
715: |
Death of Walid I. Accession
of Sulaiman. |
|
716: |
Invasion of Constantinople.
|
|
717: |
Death of Sulaiman. Accession
of Umar b Abdul Aziz. |
|
720: |
Death of Umar b Abdul Aziz.
Accession of Yazid II. |
|
724: |
Death of Yazid II. Accession
of Hisham. |
|
725: |
The Muslims occupy Nimes in
France. |
|
732: |
The battle of Tours in France.
|
|
737: |
The Muslims meet reverse at
Avignon in France. |
|
740: |
Shia revolt under Zaid b Ali.
Berber revolt in North Africa. Battle of the Nobles. |
|
741: |
Battle of Bagdoura in North
Africa. |
|
742: |
The Muslim rule restored in
Qiarowan. |
|
743: |
Death of Hisham. Accession of
Walid II. Shia revolt in Khurasan under Yahya b Zaid. |
|
744: |
Deposition of Walid I1. Accession
of Yazid II1 and his death. Accession of Ibrahim and his overthrow. Battle
of Ain al Jurr. Accession of Marwan II. |
|
745: |
Kufa and Mosul occupied by the
Khawarjites. |
|
746: |
Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa
and Mosul occupied by Marwan II. |
|
747: |
Revolt of Abu Muslim in Khurasan.
|
|
748: |
Battle of Rayy. |
|
749: |
Battles of lsfahan and Nihawand.
Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at
Kufa. |
|
750: |
Battle of Zab. Fall of Damascus.
End of the Umayyads. |
|
751: |
Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid.
Murder of the Minister Abu Salama. |
|
754: |
Death of As Saffah. Accession
of Mansur as the Caliph. |
|
755: |
Revolt of Abdullah b Ali. MUrder
of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan. |
|
756: |
Abdul Rahman founds the Umayyad
state in Spain. |
|
762: |
Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs
uz Zakia) and Ibrahim. |
|
763: |
Foundation of Baghdad. Defeat
of the Abbasids in Spain. |
|
767: |
Khariji state set up by Ibn
Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan. |
|
772: |
Battle of Janbi in North Africa.
Rustamid. state set up in Morocco. |
|
775: |
Death or the Abbasid Caliph
Mansur, Accession of Mahdi. |
|
777: |
Battle of Saragossa in Spain.
|
|
785: |
Death of the Caliph Mahdi. Accession
of Hadi. |
|
786: |
Death of Hadi. Accession of
Harun ur Rashid. |
|
788: |
Idrisid state set up in the
Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham. |
|
792: |
Invasion of South France. |
|
796: |
Death of Hisham in Spain; accession
of al Hakam. |
|
799: |
Suppression of the revolt of
the Khazars. Ninth century. |
|
800: |
The Aghlabid rule is established
in North Africa. |
|
803: |
Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution
of Jafar Barmki. |
|
805: |
Campaigns against the Byzantines.
Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress. |
|
809: |
Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession
of Amin. |
|
814: |
Civil war between Amin and Mamun.
Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph. |
|
815: |
Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.
|
|
816: |
Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama
quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica. |
|
817: |
Harsama killed. |
|
818: |
The Umayyads of Spain capture
the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia. |
|
819: |
Mamun comes to Baghdad. |
|
820: |
Tahir establishes the rule of
the Tahirids in Khurasan. |
|
822: |
Death of Al Hakam in Spain;
accession of Abdul Rahman. II. |
|
823: |
Death of Tahir in Khurasan.
Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir. |
|
827: |
Mamun declares the Mutazila
creed as the state religion. |
|
833: |
Death of Mamun. Accession of
Mutasim. |
|
836: |
Mutasim shifts the capital to
Samarra. |
|
837: |
Revolt of the Jats. |
|
838: |
Revolt of Babek in Azarbaijan
suppressed. |
|
839: |
Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan.
The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.
|
|
842: |
Death of Mutasim, accession
of Wasiq. |
|
843: |
Revolts of the Arabs. |
|
847: |
Death of Wasiq, accession of
Mutawakkil. |
|
850: |
Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.
|
|
849: |
Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah
b Tahir; accession of Tahir II. |
|
852: |
Death of Abdur Rahman II of
Spain;. accession of Muhammad I. |
|
856: |
Umar b Abdul Aziz founds the
Habbarid rule in Sind. |
|
858: |
Mutawakkil founds the town of
Jafariya. |
|
860: |
Ahmad founds the Samanid rule
in Transoxiana. |
|
861: |
Murder of the Abbasid Caliph
Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir. |
|
862: |
Muntasir poisoned to death;
accession of Mutasin. |
|
864: |
Zaidi state established in
Tabaristan by Hasan b Zaid. |
|
866: |
Mutasim flies from Samarra,
his depostion and accession of Mutaaz. |
|
867: |
Yaqub b Layth founds the Saffarid
rule in Sistan. |
|
868: |
Ahmad b Tulun founds the Tulunid
rule in Egypt. |
|
869: |
The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced
to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi. |
|
870: |
Turks revolt against Muhtadi,
his death and accession of Mutamid. |
|
873: |
Tahirid rule extinguished. |
|
874: |
Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death
of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr. |
|
877: |
Death of Yaqubb Layth in Sistan,
accession of Amr b Layth. |
|
885: |
Death of Ahmad b Tulun in Egypt,
accession of Khamar- wiyiah. |
|
866: |
Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad
ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the Habbari
ruler of Sind. |
|
888: |
Death of Munzir the Umayyad
ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah. |
|
891: |
The Qarmatian state established
at Bahrain. |
|
892: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr,
accession of Ismail. |
|
894: |
The Rustamids become the vassals
of Spain. |
|
896: |
Death of the Tulunid ruler
Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish. |
|
897: |
Assassination of Abul Asakir
Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun. |
|
898: |
Qarmatians sack Basra. |
|
902: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph
Muktafi; death of the Saffarid ruler Amr. |
|
903: |
Assassination of the Qarmatian
ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir. |
|
905: |
Abdullah b Hamdan founds the
Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt. |
|
907: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph
Muktafi; accession of Muqtadir. |
|
908: |
End of the Saffarid rule, annexation
of their territories by the Samanids. |
|
909: |
Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds
and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa. |
|
912: |
Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah
in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III. |
|
913: |
Assassination of the Samanid
ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II. |
|
928: |
Mardawij b Ziyar founds the
Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan. |
|
929: |
Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry
away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur Rahman III declares
himself as the Caliph. |
|
931: |
Deposition and restoration of
the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession
of Abu Mansur. |
|
932: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph
Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir. |
|
934: |
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
Al Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah ;
accession of Al Qaim. |
|
935: |
Assassination of the Ziyarid
ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah
b Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula. |
|
936: |
By coup Ibn Raiq becomes the
Amir ul Umara. |
|
938: |
By another coup power at Baghdad
is captured by Bajkam. |
|
940: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph
Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi. |
|
941: |
Assassination of Bajkam, capture
of power by Kurtakin. |
|
942: |
Ibn Raiq recaptures power. |
|
943: |
Al Baeidi captures power. The
Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail
ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad. Power
is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of the Samanid
ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh. |
|
944: |
Muttaqi is blinded and deposed,
accession of Mustakafi. |
|
945: |
Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes
Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
Mustakafi. |
|
946: |
Death of the Fatimid Caliph
A1 Qaim. accession of Mansur. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Muhammad b Tughj,
accession of Abul' Qasim Ungur. |
|
951: |
The Qarnaatiana restore the
Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba. |
|
954: |
Death of the Sasanid ruler Nuh,
accession of Abdul Malik. |
|
961: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul
Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids. Death
of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam. Death
of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali. |
|
965: |
Death of the Qarmatian ruler
Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul
Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur. |
|
967: |
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan
Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud
Daula. |
|
968: |
Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death
of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris. |
|
969: |
The Fatimids conquer Egypt.
|
|
972: |
Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule
of the Zirids Algeria. |
|
973: |
Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad;
power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin. |
|
974: |
Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph
Al Muttih; accession of At Taii. |
|
975: |
Death of the Turk General Subuktgin.
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz. |
|
976: |
The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula
recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the
Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad
Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II. |
|
978: |
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan
Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by
the Buwayhids. |
|
979: |
Subkutgin becomes the Amir of
Ghazni. |
|
981: |
End of the Qarmatian rule at
Bahrain. |
|
982: |
Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan
Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula. |
|
984: |
Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin,
accession of Mansur. |
|
986: |
The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud
Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula. |
|
989: |
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan
Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula. |
|
991: |
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
At Taii, accession of Al Qadir. |
|
996: |
Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur,
accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis. |
|
997: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh
II, accession of Mansur II. |
|
998: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur
II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of Ghazni. |
|
999: |
End of the Samanids. |
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