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Visit- Introduction
- Preface
The Issue of Monotheism in Islam -
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Features of Islam that Distinguish it from other undistorted religions
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Introducing
by Dr. Ahmad Ibn Saifuddin
Al-Imam University, Riyadh
All praise is due to Allah. May Allah's peace and blessings be upon His messenger Muhammad, his companions, his family and his followers until the day resurrection.
I am very happy to introduce this book (the Message of Islam) to all readers (Muslims and non-Muslims) for two reasons: the first is that I know brother Abd al-Raman al-Sheha for about a year now. I have dealt with him and found him to be one of the finest people I have met. By the grace of Allah, he has a good character and he is dedicated to the cause of serving Allah to the best. The second is that I find this book to be interesting and beneficial. The reader, whether being a Muslim or not, will find a logical orderly and supported with evidence presentation. I also find this book to be easy to read while containing all the necessary information about Islam.
The subject of this book is important not only because we need to refine our understanding of Islam, but also because many people don't have a comprehensive and yet detailed concept of Allah's way of life. Many followers of Islam limit the role of religion into mere acts of worship confined to the mosque or in times of hardships and difficulties. This is incomplete and distorted understanding of Islam. Allah is perfect and his religion (or way of life) is complete and comprehensive. It is the fault of some followers of Islam who project this great and beautiful religion in a bad image.
As a reader, you need to read the entire book, so that you will know to what extent religion covers every aspect of our daily life. I am sure that at the end, by Allah's grace, you will pray for the author and you will be inwardly and outwardly rewarded.
I pray that Allah would reward my brother Abd al- Raman al-Sheha for writing this book and for all his effort in the cause of serving Islam, Muslims and humanity. All praise is due to Allah the almighty.
Dr. Ahmad Ibn Saifuddin
Associate professor
Al-imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Preface
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, Most Merciful...
Praise be to Allah, Peace and blessings of Allah be upon His Messenger, Muhammad, and all his family and companions.
Allah, the Exalted, says which meaning of is translated as: “Say: O People of the Scripture! Come to a word that is just between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah, and that we shall ascribe no partner unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for Lords besides Allah. Then, If they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are Muslims” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-i-Imran, 3:64).
Islam is the religion of pure human nature and clarity. It urges and calls its followers to ask about all things that are incomprehensible to them or the questions that occur to them. They are recommended to consult competent, knowledgeable authorities. In Islam there are no obscure or mysterious things that we have only to believe without being allowed to ask about them. Allah, Glory to Him says which meaning of is translated as: “…So ask the followers of the scriptures if you know not.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nahl, 16:43).
As human beings, we have many questions in our mind that require answers, which should be logical, convincing and unambiguous ones... It is the Holy Qur'aan which provides such answers in such fluent, convincing, and incomparable style. Let us observe these basic queries:
- If man inquires about his origin, he will find the answer in Almighty Allah's saying which meaning of is translated as: “And indeed We created man (Adam) out of an extract of clay. Thereafter We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest firmly fixed. Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (fetus) lump; then We made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the Best of Creators.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Mu'minun, 23:12-14).
- If he inquires about his status in this Universe and his rank among other creatures, he will find the answer in the following verse which meaning of is translated as: “And indeed We have honored the children of Adam and We have carried them on land and sea and have provided them with good and pure things and have preferred them above many of those whom We have created with a marked preferment.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Isra', 17:70).
- If he also inquires about the cause of his creation, he will find the answer in the following verses which meaning of is translated as: “And I (Allah) have only created the jinn and mankind that they may worship Me (alone). No sustenance do I require of them nor do I require that they should feed Me. For Allah is He who gives (all) sustenance, Lord of Power, the Most Strong.” (The Qur'aan Chapter Adh-Dhariyat, 51:56-58).
- If man then asks about this Creator Who is the only One worthy of worship, he will find the answer in the following words which meaning of is translated as: “He is Allah beside Whom there is no other god, Who knows the unseen and the seen, He is the All-Beneficent, All-Merciful. He is Allah, beside Whom there is no other god; - the Sovereign, the Holy One, the Source of Peace (and Perfection), the Guardian of Faith, the Watcher over His creatures, the Exalted in Might, the Irresistible, the Supreme. Glory to Allah! (High is He) above all that they associate as partners with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker (of all things), the Bestower of forms. To Him belongs the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth, glorify Him: And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Hashr, 59: 22-24).
- If he asks about the attitude he should assume with the things Allah has created for him in this universe, he will find the answer in the following verse which meaning of is translated as: “O you who believe! Eat of the lawful things that We have provided for you, and be grateful to Allah, if it is Him you worship.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Baqarah, 2:172).
- If he inquires about the true religion that he should embrace and the path which leads to happiness in this life and in the hereafter, he will surely find the response in the Qur'aanic verse which meaning of is translated as: “And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers.” (The Qur'aan Chapter Al-i-Imran, 3:85).
- If he inquires, too, about the path that leads to peace of mind/heart and mental stability, he will find the answer in the following words which meaning of is translated as: “Those who have believed and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah: verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Ar-Ra'd, 13:28).
- If he asks about the state (position) of those who lack belief in Allah, Glory to Him, and in His revelations, he will get the answer in the following which meaning of is translated as: “But whosoever turns away from My Reminder (i.e.: My Message), verily for him is a life of hardship and We shall raise him up blind on the Day of Resurrection.” (The Qur'aan Chapter Taha, 20:124).
- If he asks about his destiny in this life, he will find the answer in these words which meaning of is translated as: “Every soul shall taste of death. And only on the Day of Resurrection shall you be paid on your wages in full. Who so-ever is removed from the Fire and admitted to Paradise, he is indeed successful. The life of this world is but a comfort of illusion.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-i-Imran, 3:185).
- If he inquires about the possibility of re-creating him, he will find a satisfactory answer in Allah's words which meaning of is translated as: “And if he has coined (compared) for Us a similitude, and has forgotten the fact of his creation, saying: Who will revive these bones when they have rotted away? Say: He will revive them Who produced them at the first, for He is All-Knower of every creation.” (The Qur'aan Chapter Yasin, 36:78-79).
And in the following words which meaning of is translated as: “O mankind! If you are in doubt concerning the Resurrection, then Lo! We have created you from dust, then from a drop of seed, then from a clot, then from a little lump of flesh shapely and shapeless, that We may make (it) clear for you. And We cause what We will to remain in the wombs for an appointed time and afterward We bring you forth as infants...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Hajj, 22:5)
- If he asks what will happen after death, the answer will delineate that the matter is one of eternal life after death and resurrection: That is, the destination will be either eternity in Paradise or in Hell, and there is no third destination which meaning of is translated as: “Lo! Those who disbelieve among the people of the scripture and the idolaters, will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are the worst of created beings. And Lo! Those who believe and do good works are the best of created beings. Their reward is with their Lord: Gardens of Eden underneath which rivers flow, wherein they dwell forever. Allah has pleasure in them and they have pleasure in Him. This is (in store) for him who fear his Lord.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Baiyina, 98:6-8).
Dear reader:
I shall reaffirm that Islam offers optimum solutions to all current problems of the world and that implementation of the Islamic way of life, will, by all means, resolve such problems. The World has tried all doctrines that proved with the passage of time, to be incapable of solving its problems. So why does the World not accept the Islamic way of life and implement it for the well-being of the humanity.
F. Filweas, a British naval officer (who participated in both world wars and embraced Islam in 1924 after he had read the Holy Qur'aan and some books in Islam), commented on a statement published in newspapers and attributed to some western writers and philosophers, claiming that:"Contemporary religions have become very old and should be given up. He said that this would reveal the pessimism of Western writers due to the complexities and obscurity they find in Christianity; yet they committed a grave mistake because Islam is the best alternative and perfect response that is still intact."
Dear reader:
Truthfully speaking, I regret to say that some Muslims nowadays are quite far from actual implementation of Islam's principles and instructions. Unfortunately, they are Muslims only by name and not in the exact meaning of the word. A true Muslim takes the Glorious Qur'aan and the Holy Sunnah, the main sources of Islam, as his way of life and code of conduct to which he adheres in all his/her private and public dealings and transactions. A real Muslim should not take only those aspects of Islam that suit his interests, even at the expense of others' interests, and give up what is in conflict with his interests even though it is in the interest of others.
It is absolutely unfair to associate Islam with certain countries or persons. It is wrong and improper to say that practices of the majority of Muslims nowadays in their real actual everyday life is in full agreement with Islam's sublime teachings and objectives. The greatest majority of Muslims are quite far from practicing Islam. Islam is not, as some may think, mere religious rites that are practiced at set times only; rather, it comprises belief, law, devotions, transactions and dealings: It is a religion and government, in the full meaning of the word. It has been said, "What a great religion, had there been men who put its principles and teachings to action, comply with its commandments and avoid its prohibitions."
In his book, "Arab Civilization", Mr. J. S. Restler mentioned three different meanings for the term Islam: "the first as religion, the second as state and government, and the third as culture - in short: it is a unique civilization."
ISLAM is Islam with its belief, devotions, dealings and law (i.e. Sharia), since it was revealed unto Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and is still the same as it was. No change or alteration has occurred to it. It is the people called Muslims who have undergone change and transformation. If one who calls himself a Muslim commits a mistake or something unlawful, this does not mean that Islam enjoins or accepts such behavior. If someone is given, for example, a dismantled vehicle and provided with a comprehensive accurate erection plan (Installation manual) from the manufacturer, but he assembles it incorrectly, can we say that the plan (manual) is incorrect? Rather it should be stated that this person has failed to follow the exact steps in an appropriate manner or to put the procedure fully into effect.
I would kindly invite (request) every reader of this work to have a detached mind, not influenced by religious sentiments or mental biases, with the aim of attaining the truth, not searching for faults and blunders for the sake of slander. The reader is also invited to read seeking to understand through his mind, not through his emotions and liking least he be of those censured by Allah as stated in the Glorious Qur'aan which meaning of is translated as: “And when it is said unto them: Follow that which Allah has revealed, they say: We follow that wherein we found our fathers, What! Even though their fathers were wholly unintelligent and had no guidance?” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Baqarah, 2:170).
That is because a reasonably logical-minded man will not accept a thing unless he has studied it thoroughly and grown familiar with it. When he acquires such familiarity and becomes fully satisfied about its validity, he should not keep it to himself. Rather, he should disseminate his knowledge among people, thereby teaching the ignorant and correcting those who are mistaken.
I shall admit here that I have not covered or researched the subject thoroughly. That is because when you speak about Islam you speak, in fact, about a comprehensive, all-embracing law which regulates all affairs pertaining to both worldly life and the hereafter. This will in fact, require a book, not a booklet, for explanation. However, I have only made hints on certain principles and basic morals of Islam that pave the way for those who desire to know more about the truth of Islam, supported by verses from the Holy Qur'aan which is the code of conduct for Muslims, and the sayings of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
One may say: the laws and regulations of contemporary societies have some similarities to those of Islam. In answer we may ask: Which is earlier: Islam has preceded contemporary laws? The Islamic Sharia (Law) is over fourteen centuries older than these regulations and laws. Whatever is similar to Islamic laws and regulations may probably be derived from them, especially when we know that there were studies concerned with Islam by non-Muslims, especially orientalists, with different intentions and objectives, since the beginning of its appearance.
Abdur-Rahman A. Al-Sheha
The Issue of Monotheism in Islam
Islam, like other revealed religions, advocates several precepts and beliefs that Allah has required its followers to believe in and propagate without coercion, in keeping with Allah's commandment which meaning of is translated as: “There is no compulsion in religion...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Baqarah, 2:256).
One of the Islam's fundamentals is the belief in the Oneness of Allah, glory to Him, and directing worship to Him alone. This is the thing for which Allah has created mankind and sent messengers which meaning of is translated as: “Say: He is Allah, the One! Allah, the eternally Besought of all! He begets not, nor was begotten. And there is none comparable unto Him.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Ikhlas, 112:1-4).
This involves refraining from ascribing partners to Allah, as obvious from Allah's words which meaning of is translated as: “Lo! Allah pardons not that partners should be ascribed unto Him. He pardons all save that to whom He wills...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisa'a, 4:116).
Islam ascribes the attributes of perfection to Him and glorifies and exalts Him above His creation as in the following verse which meaning of is translated as: “…There is nothing like Him, and He is the All-Hearer, the All-seer.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Ash-Shura, 42:11).
It has produced proofs of Allah's oneness in matters of creation, ruling out any possibility of having any partners Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “Had there been therein (in the heavens and the earth) gods besides Allah, then verily both would have been ruined…” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Anbiya'a, 21:22). “…else would each god have assuredly taken away what he had created, and some of them would assuredly have overcome others…” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Muminun, 23:91).
It has also called upon man to reflect on his own self, which is closest to him, so that he should see, through it, the greatness and majesty of the Creator, Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “And (also) in yourselves, can you then not see?” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Az-Zariyat, 51:21).
It is a call to meditation and reasoning which leads common sense and pure nature to believe in the greatness of Allah. The human soul is given, since its creation, to recognize the existence of it's Creator who has also created this Universe, which demonstrates the greatness of its Creator. That is what scientists call 'religious inborn instinct or nature? Allah glory to Him says which meaning of is translated as: “So set your purpose for religion as a man by nature upright - the nature (framed) of Allah, in which He has created man...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Ar-Rum, 30:30).
This nature is inherent in all people without exception. However, some people deny it out of abstinence and pride, and other acknowledged and believe in it. It's being inherent in everyone is evidenced by the fact that it comes out when it is aroused. When a person falls ill, for instance, or he is struck by an evil or surprised by something unpleasant, you find that he unconsciously cries. O Allah! Or just raises his eyes to heaven recognizing the existence of great mighty power that is able to save him from his dilemma. This is only depicted in Allah's words which meaning of is translated as: “And if misfortune touches a man, he cries unto Us (while reclining) on his side or sitting or standing, but when We have relieved him of the misfortune he goes his way as though he had not cried unto Us because of a misfortune that afflicted him.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Yunus, 10:12).
Islam replied to those who were tempted into denying the Almighty Creator by a negative question Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “Or were they created out of nothing? Or were they (themselves) the Creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they are sure of nothing!” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Fatir, 52:35-36).
If it is impossible for man to come into being by accident, i.e.: without for man to create or bring himself into existence. Common sense and upright nature would admit that every being requires a creator and every effect involves a cause, thus remains the third possibility, i.e. the existence of a Creator. One nomad (bedouin), when asked how he knew about the existence of Allah, said which meaning of is translated as: "Droppings suggest the existence of 'Camel, and footprints are a sign of walking. How about a sky holding mansions of the stars and an earth with tracks and passes; Don't they indicate the existence of the Most Kind, All-Aware God?".
Fundamentals of Islam
The most important fundamentals of Islam are: prohibition of aggression against life, honor, wealth, mind, offspring, or against the weak and the disabled. About the immunity and inviolability of life, the Qur'aan says which meaning of is translated as: “And slay not the life which Allah has forbidden save with right...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Isra', 17:33).
About the sanctity of honor Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “Oh you who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are), nor let women (deride) women who may be better than they are...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Hujurat, 49:11). “Who so commits a delinquency or crime, the throws (the blame) thereof upon someone innocent, has burdened himself with falsehood and a fragrant crime.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisaa, 4:112)
On the prohibition of trespassing on offspring and cattle allah said which meaning of is translated as: “And when he turns away (from you), his effort in the land is to make mischief therein & to destroy the crops & the cattle; & Allah loves not the mischief.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Baqarah, 2:205).
When speaking about the rights of the weak, the Qur'aan states the rights of parents which meaning of is translated as: “And your Lord has decreed that you worship none save (except) Him, and (that you show) kindness to parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age with you, say not "Pooh" to them nor repulse them, but speak to them a graceful word.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Isra', 17:23). And also the rights of orphans which meaning of is translated as: “Therefore, the orphan oppress not.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Ad-Duha, 93:9). “Come not near the wealth of the orphan save with that which is better (to improve it).” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Isra', 17:34).
And the rights of the children which meaning of is translated as: “…And then you slay not your children because of penury (poverty) - We provide for you and for them.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-An'am, 6:151).
On the rights of the sick people, the messenger of Allah peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, says which meaning of is translated as: “Give food (to the poor), visit the sick, and help to release prisoners from captivity.” (Narrated by Imam Bukhari).
On the rights of old people, the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, says which meaning of is translated as: “Glorification of Allah involves honoring Muslims who grow old.”.
He, peace and pleassings of allah be upon him also says which meaning of is translated as: “He is not one of us who does not respect our old people and have no mercy on our little children.”.
This is all summed up in the following Hadith (Prophets' famous speech in the farewell speech) which meaning of is translated as: “Your blood, property and honor are regarded as sacred to you as sacred as this day of yours, in this city of yours, and in this month of yours.” (Narrated by Imam Bhukhari). All people are equal in such matters. This does not mean that other good morals are minor things in the Islamic Law. In fact, they are duties that Muslims must stick to.
Aspects of Islamic Etiquette
The Islamic Law has introduced and propagated a cluster of public ethics. At the same time, it warned of failure to strictly abide by it, as this will entail punishment in the Hereafter. Imam Muslim narrated that the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Do you know who is the bankrupt?” They answered: A bankrupt among us is the person who has neither money nor property. The Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him,said which meaning of is translated as: “The bankrupt in my nation is the one who comes on the Day of Resurrection with prayer, zakat and fasting, yet he used to insult, slander, slay and beat others. Thus claimants are rewarded according to their good deeds. If one's good deeds are gone, he is punished for his ill-doings until he is thrown into Hell.”
Dining Ethics1. Start eating with the name of Allah (Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem) and conclude with praising and thanking Allah (Al-Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil-Aalameen). Eat from the nearest side of the dish to you and use your right hand, because the left hand is generally used for cleaning dirt. Bukhari and Muslim narrated on the authority of 'Umar Ibn Abi Salamah, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him said which meaning of is translated as: “Mention the name of Allah, eat with your right hand and eat from the nearest side of the dish.”
2. Never complain or disapprove of food whatsoever. Bukhari and Muslim narrated on the authority of Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and pleassings of allah be upon him has never found fault with any food. If he likes it, he would eat it, if not he would just leave it.”
3. Avoid eating or drinking in excess quantity in the light of the Qur'anic words which meaning of is translated as: “And eat and drink but do not spendthrift.” And the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, words which meaning of is translated as: “The son of Adam (man) has never filled a vessel worse than his stomach. If there is no way out, let there be a third for his meal, another for his drink and another for his breath.” (Narrated by Ahmad).
4. Never breath or blow into vessels. According to Ibn Abbas the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Forbade breathing or blowing into the dish.” (Al Tirmidhi).
5. Eat with others, not alone, since Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Gather around your food so that it may be blessed.” (Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi).
6. If you are invited to a meal and you take somebody with you, you should seek permission for him. According to Abu Mas'ud Al-Badri, may Allah be pleased with him, a man invited Allah's Prophet peace be upon him, to a meal along with four other people. A man followed the Prophet. At the door, the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said to the host which meaning of is translated as: “This man has come with us: If you'd permit, he will come in; if not he will go back." The host said: I give him my permission, O Allah's Messenger.” (Bukhari & Muslim).
Ethics of Seeking PermissionThere are two kinds of ethics:
1. Those relating to out-of-door formalities Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “O you who believe! Enter not houses other than your own without first announcing your presence and invoking peace upon the folk thereof...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nur, 24:27).
2. Those relating to indoor formalities, Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “And when the children among you come to puberty then let them ask permission even as those before them used to ask it...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nur, 24:59). This is all intended to keep household secrets and protect the privacy of homes, as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “Asking permission is intended for sight protection.” (Bukhari and Muslim). It is advisable not to persist in asking permission as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “You have to ask permission three times. If you are not allowed in, go back.” (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).
Ethics of Greeting (Salam)Islam has encouraged the custom of greetings among the members of Society because it leads to love and friendship. This is supported by the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “You will never enter Paradise until you become believers, and you will not become believers until you love each other. Shall I guide you to something that makes you love each other? Spread greetings with peace among you.” (Muslim).
Answering a greeting is obligatory, Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “When you are greeted with greetings, reply with a better than it or return it...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisa'a, 4:86).
Islam has also explained obligations in matters of greeting priorities. According to the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “A rider should greet a pedestrian, a pedestrian should greet him who is seated, and a small number of people should greet a bigger number.” (Narrated by both Bukhari and Muslim) In one narration by Bukhari, it is added: A little or young person should greet an older one.
Ethics of SittingGreet attendants of the meeting or gathering, as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “If one comes to a meeting he should say: Assalamu Alaykum! (i.e. Peace be upon you!) and on leaving he should do the same, for the first greeting is not more important than the latter.” (Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi).
It is not appropriate to ask someone to leave his sitting place for someone else as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “Never should anyone of you make someone rise from his place and sit in his place rather, make more room for others to sit.” (Bukhari and Muslim). “If someone leave his sitting place then returns to it, he will have more right to it” as stated by the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, (Muslim).
Never separate two persons sitting as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “It is not permissible for a man to separate two men (by inserting himself sitting between them) unless they give permission.” (Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi).
Never talk to a friend privately in the presence of a third person as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “If there are three of you, never should two of them talk without the third until you mix with other people, for this would grieve the third.” (Bukhari).
Never sit in the middle of a circle or group of people, as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “Damned is he who sits in the middle of a sitting group.” (Abu Dawood).
Leave space for others to sit, Allah said which meaning of is translated as: “O you who believe! When it is said, Make room! In assemblies, then make room; Allah will make way for you (hereafter). And when it is said, Come up higher! Go up higher; Allah will exalt those who have knowledge, to high ranks. Allah is Well-Aware of what you do.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Az-Zukhruf, 43:11).
It is desirable to suppress yawning as far as possible as it is a sign of laziness, as pointed out in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “Yawning is from Satan, so when one of you yawns let him try to repel it as far as possible, for if one utters 'Ha!' (when yawning) the devil will laugh at him.” (Bukhari and Muslim).
About sneezing, the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “If one of you sneezes, let him say: Praise be to Allah! And his Muslim brother should say to him: May Allah have mercy on you! Upon which he answers: May Allah guide you and make you well.” (Bukhari). It is also advisable for a person, as stated by Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “on sneezing; to cover his mouth with his hand or garment and suppress his voice.” (Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi).
Avoid belching while sitting in the presence of others. According to Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him and his father, one man belched in the presence of Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said to him which meaning of is translated as: “stop belching, The biggest eaters in this worldly life will be the hungriest in the Hereafter.” (Tirmidhi and Ibin Majah).
The assembly should not be busy with nonsense or void of the remembrance of Allah and useful discussions of worldly and religious affairs. Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Any people who rise from an assembly in which the name of Allah is not mentioned are like those who rise from around a donkey's carcass, and the assembly will be a source of sorrow for them.” (Abu Dawood).
A person should not face those sitting with him with what they dislike.
Ethics of GatheringIslam respects the feeling of people who gather at a place to make gathering desirable and repel all that cause people to hate gathering. Therefore, Islam instructs its followers to be clean-bodied, with no bad smell, and clean-dressed, with no disgusting sights. It also instructs them to listen to the speaker without interrupting him and to sit where they find room without stepping over people's neck or causing them any inconvenience by pressing against them. This is supported by the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying while addressing Muslims during Friday sermon which meaning of is translated as: “Whoever has a bath on Friday, puts on the best of his clothes, puts some scent on if any, then attends Friday prayer without crossing over people's necks and performs whatever rak'as he could. Then keep quiet when the Imam mounts the pulpit until he concludes prayer. His prayer will be an atonement for the whole week preceding that prayer.” (Abu Dawood).
Etiquette of ConversationListen to the speaker without interrupting him until he finishes talking. In his speech during the Farewell Pilgrimage, Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Ask people to keep quiet.” (Bukhari & Muslim).
Talk clearly so that the listener may understand you. Ayshah, the Prophet's wife, said: “The Prophet's words were so clear-cut that everyone could understand them.” (Abu Dawood).
Cheer up and speak pleasantly. This is in accordance with the Holy Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “Do not underestimate any kind of acts, even to receive your brother cheerfully.” (Muslim), and his other Hadith: “A good word is an act of kindness.” (Bukhari & Muslim). Al-Hussain, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “I asked my Father about the Prophet's behavior among his companions” to which he answered: “He was always cheerful, easy mannered and lenient. He was not rough, noisy, vulgar, insulting, or miserly. He used to overlook what he dislikes without depriving others of hope or answering them negatively. He refrained from disputation, prattling and curiosity. He spared others from three things: He never censured, found fault with or spied on them. He spoke only what he hoped would be rewarded. When he spoke, his listeners lowered their head quietly and when he was silent they spoke. They never spoke haphazardly in front of him. If one talked in his presence they listened to him until he has finished. He used to laugh and wonder at what they laughed or wondered at. He was patient with stranger who were rude in both their talk and requests.”
Etiquette of JokingAllah's Messenger, peace be upon him, said to his companion Hanzala, who thought that life should be free from fun and entertainment and that he committed hypocrisy when he played and jested with his wife and children: “But, Hanzala, refresh your heart from time to time.” (Muslim). Here the Holy Prophet explained to the man that permissible fun and self-refreshment is desirable for the human soul to regain its activity and liveliness. He peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, also taught them the rules of conduct as regards to joking, when asked about his joking with them, by saying which meaning of is translated as: “Yes, but I speak truthfully.” (Tirmidhi).
Once an old woman came to him and said: O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah for me to be admitted into Paradise. He peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “No old woman will be admitted into Paradise.”. On hearing this she went away crying. He said: “Tell her that she won't be an old woman when she goes into Paradise.”. Allah, the Exalted, says which meaning of is translated as: “Lo! We have created them a (new) creation and made them virgins, lovers, friends.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Qamar, 54:35-37).
Allah's Messenger's jokes were not limited to words, they included acts as well. Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, A bedouin called Zaher used to bring presents from the desert to the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, and the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, used also to supply him with provisions on leaving. He peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said about him which meaning of is translated as: “Zaher is our 'desert' and we are his 'city'”. The Holy Prophet loved him, though he was ugly-faced. One day, the Prophet, peace be upon him, came to him from the back unawares. Zaher said: Release me. Then he looked behind him and recognized the Prophet, so he pressed his back against the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him chest. The Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, called out: “Who purchases this slave?”. Zaher said:"O Messenger of Allah, You will find me not sellable". The Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, answered which meaning of is translated as: “But to Allah, you are not sellable, or he said: To Allah, you are so dear.” (Tirmidhi).
A joke should not involve any hurt or insult to any Muslim. Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “No Muslim is allowed to scare another Muslim.” (Abu Dawood). He also said: “Nobody should take (Muslim) brother's belongings.” (Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi).
Joking should not drive a Muslim to lie in order to make others laugh, as understood from the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, words which meaning of is translated as: “Woe to him who lies when speaking to make people laugh. Woe to him! Woe to him!”.
Etiquette of CondolenceCondolence has been prescribed to console the dead person's family, relieve their sorrows and alleviate their distress. Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “A believer who condoles with his brother on a bereavement will be dressed by Allah in the robes of honor and glory on the Day of Resurrection.”.
There is no specific formula for condolence. However, Imam Shafi'i recommended the expression: “May Allah magnify your reward, give you solace and forgive your deceased one.”.
It is desirable to prepare food for the family of the deceased as is clear by the following Hadith of the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “Make food for Ja'afar's family as they are distracted by the event.”.
Etiquette of SleepingMention the name of Allah "Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem" and lie on your right side in accordance with the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, words to Al-Baraa bin Azeb which meaning of is translated as: “If you want to go to bed, perform ablution as that for prayer, then lie down on your right side, and say: O Allah! I submit myself to You, and turn my face towards You, and confide my cause unto You, and take refuge in You, out of love and fear of You. There is no refuge or escape from You except in You. I believe in Your Book, which You have revealed and Your Prophet, whom You have sent as Messenger.” (Bukhari & Muslim).
“Do not sit late at night and do your best to sleep early unless there is some need or necessity. It is narrated that the Prophet, peace be upon him, disliked sleeping before Isha' (evening) Prayer and (sitting and) talking after it.” (Bukhari & Muslim).
Do not sleep on your belly, as this was prohibited by the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning is translated as: “Such manner of lying down is disliked by Allah.” (Abu Dawood).
Make sure there is nothing that hurts you at your bed, as recommended by the gracious Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “When one of you goes to bed, he should clear his bed with part of his loincloth as he does not know what is lying inside after he has left it, and let him say. Allahumma bika wada'tu janbi, wabika arfauh. Allahumma in amsakta nafsi faghfir laha, wa in arsaltaha fahfazha bima tahfazu bihi ibadakas-Salihan. O Allah! With Your name I have laid on my side, and with Your name I raise it. O Allah! If You hold my soul (i.e. take my life), then have mercy on it, and if You return it, then protect it with what You protect Your pious servants).” (Bukhari & Muslim).
Take care and ward off the sources of danger. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “This fire is an enemy to you, so when you want to sleep put it off.” (Bukhari).
Etiquette of Marital Sexual RelationsIt is desirable, before cohabitation with one's wife or husband to mention the name of Allah. “When one of you cohabits with his wife, if he says, In the name of , O Allah! Keep us away from Satan, and keep Satan away from (the offspring) that you may grant us, and then if a child is born out of this union, Satan will have no access to hurt his child.” (Bukhari and Muslim).
Private relations between husband and wife must be kept secret, as stated in the following Hadith of the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “The worst in position of all people in the estimation of Allah on the Day of Resurrection will be the man who cohabits with his wife or the woman who cohabits with her husband, then either of them divulges the secret of his mate.” (Muslim).
Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, recommended love-play, flirtation and kissing prior to sexual intercourse as evidenced by his words to one of his companions which meaning of is translated as: “Don't make love with her unless she has had the same degree of sexual appetite as you so that you do not discharge before her. He asked: Should I do this? The Prophet said: Yes, you kiss, caress and touch her until you find that she has the same degree of erotic urge and excitement as he, then make love with her.” (Imam Ahmad).
Husband should not pull out his penis from her vagina until she has finished her sexual desire.
Etiquette of TravellingReturn trusts to their owners, settle grievances and debts, and leave for your family sufficient provisions. Never travel alone except in cases of emergency when you find no company. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which the meaning of is translated as: “One passenger is one devil, two passengers are two devils, but three passengers make a caravan.” (Abu Dawood, Nasa'i and Tirmidhi).
On travelling, choose good company and select one of you as your leader. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which the meaning of is translated as: “When three people set out on a journey they should appoint one of them as a leader.” (Abu Dawood).
You should inform your family of the time of your arrival back to them. Do not return home at night as this is undesirable so that he should not see anything that he dislikes. The Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “If one of you is absent from home for a long time, he should not come back to his family by night.” In another version of the Hadith, the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, prohibited a man returning home by night (Bukhari and Muslim).
He should say goodbye to his family, friends and companions, as the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “If one of you intends to set out on a journey, let him say goodbye to his brothers, for Allah Almighty will make in their prayers a blessing for him.”
He should return home quickly after he achieve the objective of his journey. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Travel is a piece of anguish as it deprives each traveler (of you) of the facilities of eating, drinking and sleeping. Therefore, when one of you has completed the purpose of your journey he should return home quickly.” (Bukhari and Muslim).
Conduct in the MarketAmong the rules of behavior in the market are those included in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, words when he said which meaning of is translated as: “Refrain from sitting in the streets.” The Companions said:"O Messenger of Allah, we have no alternative, there is no other place where we can sit and discuss matters." Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “If it is so, then in that case, discharge your responsibilities due to the street.” The Companions asked as to what was due to the street. He said: “Keeping your eyes down, clearing the streets of obstacles, responding to Salam greetings, enjoining virtuous deeds and forbidding evil.” (Bukhari & Muslim).
In another narration he peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, added which meaning of is translated as: “Helping the aggrieved and guide the aberrant.” (Abu Dawood). He peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, also said which meaning of is translated as: “Beware of two cursed practices.” His Companions asked:What are the two cursed practices? He peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, answered which meaning of is translated as: “A person answering the call of nature in a public thoroughfare or in shady place (where people rest).” (Muslim).
A passer-by should refrain from carrying harmful weapons or devices, as enjoined by the Gracious Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “When any one of you happens to move in our mosque or bazaar with an arrow (in his hand) he must grasp its pointed head in his palm, so that none amongst the Muslims should receive any injury from it.” (Bukhari & Muslim).
Etiquette of Buying and SellingSelling is originally lawful in Islam because it is based on exchange of benefits between the salesman and the purchaser. However, in case any harm occurs to either party, the dealing becomes unlawful based on the following verse which meaning of is translated as: “O you who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisa'a, 4:29).
And on the Holy Messenger's Hadith, when he happened to pass by a heap of eatables (corn). He thrust his hand in that heap and his fingers were moistened. He peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said to the owner of the heap which meaning of is translated as: “What is this?” He replied:"Messenger of Allah, these have been drenched by rainfall." He(the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him) remarked: “Why did you not place this (the drenched part of the heap) on top so that people could see it?” He who deceives is not of me (i.e. not my follower)." (Muslim).
Truthfulness and clear description (of defects, if any) is required in accordance with the Holy Messenger's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, saying which meaning of is translated as: “Both parties in a business transaction have the right to annul it as long as they have not separated. Thus, if they speak the truth and make everything clear they will be blessed in their transaction; but if they tell a lie and conceal anything, the blessing on their transaction will be blotted out.” (Bukhari and Muslim).
Benevolence and fair dealing is also recommended in business, since this is a means of strengthening seller-buyer relations as pointed out by Allah's messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “May Allah have mercy on a person who is easy and courteous when he sells, buys or asks for the payment of his dues.” (Bukhari). That is because Islam wants this ease of dealing and tolerance in matters of selling and buying to save people from panting for material interests that undermine brotherly and human relations.
Avoid swearing oaths when selling, in compliance with the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, instruction which meaning of is translated as: “Avoid too much swearing while selling (your goods) for, in the beginning it promotes business and then it brings all loss.” (Muslim).
The above are some of the Islamic Etiquette and ethics, and there are many others that would take a very long time to explain. Nevertheless, it would suffice here to remind that no human affair, private or public, goes without Qur'anic or Prophetic instruction or guidance that defines or regulates it.
Features of Islam that Distinguish it from other undistorted religions
Its texts has explicitly stated that religion, to Allah, is one and the same, that the prophets sent by Allah to mankind complement each other, beginning with Adam, peace be upon him, up to Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, and that the messages of those prophets and messengers are in agreement about calling to the following:
- Belief in the Oneness of Allah, glory to Him, with no associates, equals or likes.
- Belief in Allah, His angels, books, messengers, and the Hereafter.
- Good manners and refinement of the human self by guiding it to the way of reform and happiness in this life and the Hereafter.
- Direct worship of Almighty Allah without the intervention of any intermediaries in worship.
- The establishment of peace and love in human societies. Allah, glory to Him, says which meaning of is translated as: “He has ordained for you the same religion which He commended unto Noah, and that which We have revealed to you (O Muhammad), and that which we commended unto Abraham and Moses and Jesus saying: Establish the religion, and be not divided therein. Dreadful for the idolaters is that unto which you call them.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Ash-Shura, 42:13).
The Islamic Religion is the final and concluding Shari'ah or way of life; there is no religion to follow. Its primal constitution, which is the Glorious Qur'aan, is permanent and preserved and will remain up to the end of this world and living things as indicated in the Qur'an which meaning of is translated as: “Lo! We, even We, have revealed the Reminder (Qur'aan) and Lo! We verily are its Guardian.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nahl, 15:9).
Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, is the last of messengers. There is no messenger or prophet after him. Prophet Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “My similitude in comparison with the other prophets before me, is that of a man who has built a house nicely and beautifully, except for a place of one brick in a corner. The people go about it and wonder at its beauty, but say:Would that this brick be put in its place!' So I am that brick, and I am the last of the prophets.” (Bukhari).
Issa (Jesus), however will come down in the last days of this world to fill the world with justice as it was filled with oppression and injustice. He will not be sent with a new religion of Muhammad, peace be upon him, as indicated by the last Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “The son of Mariam (i.e.: Jesus son of Mary) will soon descend amongst you as a Just Ruler: he will break the Cross, kill the pigs, put an end to jisya (i.e. taxation taken from rich non-muslims for defending them in case they do not participate in defense of the country), and money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it.” (Imam Ahmad & Bukhari). To accept this universality, Muslims have been ordered to convey the Message of Islam and present it to mankind as stated in the Qur'an which meaning of is translated as: “Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that you may be witnesses over mankind, and that Messenger may be a witness over you...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Baqarah, 2:143).
Islam has completed and brought to perfection former religious ways of life which were spiritual in their roots. They addressed the human self and called to its purification, but did not take care or regulate worldly and living affairs, in contrast with Islam, which completed and regulated all aspects of life. It has covered all religious and worldly affairs, as will be made clear later. Allah has stated which meaning of is translated as: “…This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor unto you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Maidah, 5:3).
Allah, glory to Him, does not accept that devotion should be directed to other than Him or that anyone or anything should be worshipped as an intermediary between people and their Lord He said which meaning of is translated as: “And who so seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and he will be a loser in the Hereafter.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-i-Imran, 3:85).
Islam is a universal message addressed to the whole humanity without exception everywhere and at all times, to people and jinn, Arabs and non-Arabs, blacks and whites, male and female, poor and rich. Allah, says which meaning of is translated as: “And We have not sent You (O Muhammad) save as a bringer of good tidings and a Warner unto all mankind...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Saba, 34:28). It is a universal religion: not revealed or sent exclusively to one race, class or nation. It unites all mankind, not on basis of color, language, region, or lineage, but on basis of a specific creed that combines and unifies them all. Everyone who believes in Allah as his Lord, in Islam as his religion, and in Muhammad, peace be upon him, as his Messenger, has come under the flag of Islam. Allah, glory to Him, says which meaning of is translated as: “Say (O Muhammad): O mankind! Lo! I am the messenger of Allah to you all...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-A'raf, 7:158). Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “I have been conferred upon five (things) which were not granted to anyone before me (and these are):
1- I have been supported with awe (i.e. with fear that haunted the minds and hearts of the enemies of Islam) from the distance of one month travel.
2- The earth has been made a place of worship and purification for me, so whenever the time of prayer come for any one of my Ummah (followers) he should pray wherever he is.
3- The spoils of war have been made lawful for me.
4- I have been granted intercession.
And 5- every apostle was sent particularly to his own people, whereas I have been sent to all humankind.” (Bukhari & Muslim). This does not suggest lack of belief in earlier messengers or scriptures: Jesus perfected the religion of Moses, and Muhammad perfected the religion of Jesus, and Muhammad closed the chain of prophets and messengers; peace be upon them all. It is part of the perfect faith of a Muslim to believe in all revealed books and prophets before Prophet Muhammad, and anyone who does believe in all, or any, of them will be a non-Muslim. This is clear from the Prophet's statement when he was asked about belief he peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “It is to believe in Allah, His angels, books, messengers, the Hereafter and divine destiny of Decree to good and evil.” (Muslim).
Islam is distinguished for its divine laws and instructions, which are not man-made and so they are free from defects and faults and from the impact of surrounding effects such as culture, heritage and environment. This is evident in reality: human laws and legislation are changeable - what fits one community may not fit another. For example laws and regulations of a capitalist society do not go well with the conditions of a socialist one, and vice versa. Each legislator would choose what is in agreement with his aspirations and inclinations. In addition, such laws are unstable, for a more informed and knowledgeable person may object, rescind or add to the work of an earlier legislator. Islamic law, however, is made by Allah. Its Legislator is the Creator of the whole universe and all beings. He is also Omniscient and All-Aware of all that is suitable for them and makes good all their affairs. Humans, however high their rank is, have no right to object to or change any divine law, whether by increase or decrease or choosing what agrees with their desires and whims. Allah, glory to him said which meaning of is translated as: “And it becomes not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say affair.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Ahzab, 33:36), "It is a judgement to a people of the time of (pagan) ignorance that they are seeking? Who is better than Allah for judgement to a people who have certainty (in their belief)?” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Maidah, 5:50).
Islam has introduced absolute, comprehensive and perfect rules and fundamentals that are not subject to change and revision with the elapse of time. It, nevertheless, left particulars and details that are not explicitly stated in the Qur'aan and Sunnah for responsible, authoritative and erudite scholars everywhere at any time to exert their effort to derive and infer verdicts and provisions that are in the public interest and suit the prevailing conditions in human societies at various times and environments. This Ijtihad, or religious reasoning and investigation, is not to be controlled by prejudices and desires but aims to reach truths that are of use to humankind, so that Islam should keep up with, and adapt its detailed regulations with every age and society. The role of the Muslim government is to bring those divine laws and rules into force and enforce them on everyone, with no distinction between the rich and the poor, the noble and the lowly, the president or chief and his subjects, the whites and the blacks, in all are alike and equal before the law. Bukhari and Muslim narrated, on the authority of A'isha, may Allah be pleased with her, that Quraysh tribes were concerned about the case of a Makhzumi woman who was accused of theft. They said: Who will plead on her behalf with Allah's Messenger, peace be upon him?. Some of them suggested - Who other than Usamah ibn Zaid, whom the Prophet loves very much, can do so? As such, Usamah represented her case to the Holy Prophet, who told him: Do you intercede in the matter of a grave crime involving punishment prescribed by Allah?. So saying, he got up and delivered an address in which he said: “The people who preceded you were destroyed because they use to let off a rich (influential) person if he committed theft, and to punish a weak person who committed the same crime. By Allah, If Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad, had committed this offense I would have cut off her hand.”
Islam is distinguished by the fact that its text and sources are original, genuine and intact (with no addition or omission). They are of permanent, eternal authenticity and validity up till the Day of Resurrection. Basic sources of Islamic Shariah are the Holy Qur'aan and the Noble Sunnah. Allah, Exalted be He, has undertaken to preserve the Qur'an He said which meaning of is translated as: “Lo! We, even We, have revealed the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'aan) and Lo! We verily are its Guardian.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nahl, 15:9). Since its revelation onto Muhammad, peace be upon him, up to the present, the Qur'aan had not undergone any change, distortion, increase or decrease. Many attempts have been made from the side of those who plotted against Islam to add or delete one word, but their efforts ended in failure. That is because it was preserved in books and minds as it was recited in prayer or as a form of worship. According to the Gracious Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, he said which meaning of is translated as: “Whoever recites one letter from the Holy Qur'aan will get one good deed in recompense will be equal to ten good deeds. I do not say that 'Alif Lam Meem' (i.e. A,L,M) a letter , but A is a letter, L is a letter and M is a letter (i.e. it is equal to 3 letters).” (Tirmidhi). The Gracious peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, also said which meaning of is translated as: “The best among you are those who have learnt the Qur'aan and taught it (to others).” (Bukhari). Therefore, Muslims hastened earnestly to teach the Holy Qur'an.
Many a Western scholar admitted the excellence of the Qur'aan and its influence on human thought and sciences. Of such scholars there is Margoliouth[1], who was known for his prejudice against Islam, yet the greatness of the Qur'aan did not deter him from telling the truth when he pointed out that: "researchers are all agreed that the Qur'aan occupied an outstanding rank among the dignified religious scriptures that made history, though the latest of them in revelation. It has surpassed all in its marvelous impact on man. It has created a new human thought and established a unique moral school."
According to Jean Melia[2]:"It is a must to discard the pretension of some French philosophizers. The Qur'aan should be recited slowly and deliberately. It has nothing of the charges of opponents that it preaches bigotry. Islam is a heavenly revealed religion, a religion of love, affection and honor, and the most tolerant of faiths."
Hart Wighischfield [3]held that: "One need not feel surprised if it is said that the Qur'aan is the source of sciences: All that the Qur'aan has talked about, such as the earth, human life, trade and craft, was the subject-matter of study by scholars and commentators who shed light thereon in their books and commentaries on the Qur'aan. This opened up a broad latitude of research and reflection which paved the way for the advancement of science with Muslims. Its influence was not limited to Arabs. However, it caused Jewish philosophers to follow in the steps of Arabs in metaphysical questions of religion. It is needless to mention the benefits that the Christian theology has derived from Arab research in theology."
Likewise, the Prophet's Sunnah (traditions, acts and confirmations) that belong, through an authentic chain of transmitters, to the Holy Prophet Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, the second source of the Islamic Law and exponent of the Holy Qur'aan and its verdicts, has been preserved from abuse, invention and interpolation, through reliable chains of transmitters known for their integrity and soundness of memory. Such transmitters were upright scholars who devoted their lives to the study of Allah's Messenger's Hadiths. Their chains of narrators (Isnad), text (matn), degree of correctness (authenticity), and status of their narrators and transmitters as to declaration of their eligibility or invalidation. As such, they sifted all traditions (Hadiths) narrated from the Prophet and accepted only authentic ones, so they reached us pure and free from false narration. If one desires to know the way of Sunnah preservation, he can refer to books on Hadith Science that was established to serve the Holy Prophet's Hadiths, so that he may make sure about the certainty and authenticity of the Prophets' traditions we have received.
Islam considers all people as equal with regards to their origin and birth, both male and female. Allah, glory to Him, first created Adam, the father of all mankind, and created from him, his wife Eve - the mother of mankind and made them the origin of human offspring. The Qur'an declares human equality as to their origin which meaning of is translated as: “O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord, Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain has spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom you claim (your rights) of one another and toward the wombs (that bear you, i.e.: kinship)…” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisa'a, 4:1).
Prophet Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “People are the children of Adam and Adam is (created) of dust.” (Imam Ahmad). The people who are existing or will exist on earth, are of Adam's progeny. They began to have one religion and one language; but being big in number, they spread throughout the earth. This inevitably led to difference of color and nature (as an inevitable result of environmental impact). This entailed different ways of thinking and living and different beliefs. The Qur'an states, which meaning of is translated as: “Mankind were but one community, then they differed...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Yunus, 10:19).
Islamic instructions place man, regardless of his race, color, tongue, religion and homeland, on equal terms with his brethren, all equal before Allah. However, differences and conflict arise among them in as much as they are close to, or far from, compliance with Allah's Law and way of life. The Qur'aan states in this connection which meaning of is translated as: “O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that you may know one another. Lo! The noblest of you in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Hujarat, 49:13). Based on this equality confirmed by Islam, all people are equal in freedom in the sight of Islamic Law. This slogan was launched by Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab fourteen centuries ago when he said: "When did you enslaved people whose mothers had borne them free."
All should have access to:
- Freedom of thinking and opinion. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, required his companions to tell the truth and express their views fearing no blame when he peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “he who holds back from telling the truth is dumb devil.” The Prophet's Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, put this principle into effect. One man addressed Omar Ibn Al-Khattab saying: "Fear Allah, Prince of the Believers!" One man protested saying: "You say this to the Prince of the Believers!" Omar said: "Let him say it. You are useless if you do not say it, and we are useless if we do not accept it from you." On another occasion, when Omar was asked why he did not repute or reject Ali's judgement, as it was in conflict with Omar's, he answered: "had the matter been stated in the Qur'aan and Hadith I would have rejected it. But it is a matter of opinion and opinion is common and nobody is sure which of the two views is more right in the sight of Allah."
- Everyone is free to own property and earn his living as stated in the Qur'an which meaning of is translated as: “…Unto men a fortune from that which they have earned, and unto women a fortune from that which they have earned…” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisa'a, 4:32).
- Everyone should be given the chance to be educated, as stated by the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “Seeking knowledge is every Muslim's duty.” (Baihaqi). Islam requires scholars to disseminate knowledge and not to hide it so that everyone may benefit by it. This is stated by the Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, which meaning of is translated as: “Who-so-ever is asked about some (religious) information, yet he conceals it will be bridled on the Day of Judgement with a bridle of fire.” (Abu Dawood and Thirmidhi).
- Everyone has the right to utilize the resources deposited in this universe by its Creator. The Qur'an says which meaning of is translated as: “He it is Who has made the earth subservient unto you, so walk in the path thereof and eat of His providence. And unto Him will be the resurrection (of the dead).” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Mulk, 67:15).
- Everyone may have access to leadership in society if he is worthy and capable of it. Prophet Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “If a person is placed in authority over Muslims and he appoints a man over them out of prejudice (in favor of him), Allah's curse be upon him, and Allah will not accept any good deeds from him, until He throws him into hell-fire.” (Al-Hakim).
All this should be within the framework of Islam, and no aspect of freedom should be in conflict with others' freedom. Philosopher and Historian, A. J. Toynbee, in his book, "Civilization on Trial", states that, "putting an end to racial discrimination and tribalism has been one of the greatest feats and prides of Islam. It is in fact the biggest need of this age. Undoubtedly, English speaking nations have achieved a certain degree of success in inter-linking of peoples and have given mankind good and mercy, but it should be admitted that they failed to get rid of racial and national sentiments."
Islam has no independent spiritual powers like those given to the clergy in other religions. That is because, when it came, it eliminated all intermediaries that are placed or installed between God (Allah) and His servants. It criticized idolaters for their adoption of intermediaries in worship, as appears from the Qur'anic verse that relates their false argument which meaning of is translated as: “We worship them only that they may bring us near unto Allah.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Sad, 38:3). Then Allah, Glory to Him, makes clear to them the true nature of these intermediaries which meaning of is translated as: “Lo! Those whom you call besides Allah are slaves like you. So call on them now and let them answer you, if you are truthful.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-A'raf, 7:194). Thus Islam has established and stabilized the concept of direct God-man relationship on the basis of absolute belief in Allah and His revealed ordinances and way of life. Forgiveness must be sought directly from Him with no intermediator. Whoever commits a sin should raise his hands and prays humbly to Allah for forgiveness. This is clear from the following words which meaning of is translated as: “Who so does evil or wrongs his own soul, then seeks pardon of Allah, will find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter An-Nisa'a, 4:110). Islam, unlike other religions, has no clergymen who permit and prohibit as if they were - and they actually consider themselves as- responsible on behalf of Allah for His servants. Consequently, they legislate for them, control their beliefs and admit into paradise whom they will and prevent whom they will. Allah, Glory to Him says about them which meaning of is translated as: “They have taken as lords besides Allah their rabbis and their monks...” (The Qur'aan, Chapter At-Tawbah, 9:31). Prophet Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, explained which meaning of is translated as: “that they did not worship them; only they obeyed them when they made something lawful or unlawful for them (i.e.: legislated for them).” (Tirmidhi).
Islam gave the individual rights due to him/her with society and rights due in the interest of all: The individual works in the interest of society and vice versa. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “The bonds of brotherhood between two Muslims are like parts of a building, one part strengthens and holds the other. And he crossed the fingers of one hand between those of the other (to illustrate the point).” (Bukhari). However in case of conflict between individual and collective interests, the latter are to have priority over the former, as in the case of demolishing a house about to fall or taking out part of it to be added to the street in the public interest (of course after compensating the owner of the house). For example, a man from the Ansar (Muslims immigrants) had a fruit garden. In that garden there were a number of palm trees owned by a man called Samura Ibn Jundub, who used to go into the garden for his palm trees, but he caused harm to the garden and its owner. The owner complained about that to the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said to Samura which meaning of is translated as: “Sell him the palm trees.” Samura refused. The Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said which meaning of is translated as: “Pull them out.” He refused. Therefore, the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said to him which meaning of is translated as: “You are hurtful.” Then he addressed the garden owner saying:"Go and pluck out his palm trees."
Islam is the religion of mercy, pity and sympathy. It called to giving up severity and rudeness and following Islam's Prophet's example as described in the Qur'an which meaning of is translated as: “It was by the mercy of Allah that you were lenient with them (O Muhammad), for if you had been stern and fierce of heart they would have dispersed from about you…” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-i-Imran, 3:159). The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said in this connection which meaning of is translated as: “Merciful people are worthy of Allah's Mercy. Show mercy to those living on earth and you will receive mercy from the One Who is in Heaven (Allah).” (Tirmidhi). Islam has established kind and merciful treatment for all people, even with enemies. This is clear in the Prophet's peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, commandment which meaning of is translated as: “Treat prisoners of war kindly.” If this is the Holy Prophet's direction about prisoners of war who fight against Muslims, what would you expect his directions will be about peaceful people? Islam extended its mercy and sympathy even to animals, as seen from the following tradition which meaning of is translated as: “A woman was thrown into Hell-fire because she shut up a cat till it died. She neither gave it something to eat and drink nor let it pick up its food from the insects and other similar creatures of the earth.” (Bukahri & Muslim). Prophet Muhammad peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, once saw a donkey which had been marked on its face (with fire), upon which he said which meaning of is translated as: “Allah's curse be on him who has tattooed it.” (Muslim). Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, once passed by some Qurayshi boys who had made a bird a target and were shooting arrows at it. Ibn Umar asked: "Who has done this? May Allah's curse be upon the person who did this? Allah's Messenger peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, peace be upon him, has cursed the man who makes a living thing a target for shooting (Bukhari & Muslim). Once the Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, passed by a camel whose belly was sticking to his back (due to hunger). On this he remarked which meaning of is translated as: “Fear Allah and observe your duty to Him as regards these inarticulate animals. Ride on them while they are healthy and similarly eat their meat when they are in good health.” (Abu Dawood). If such is Islam's mercy towards animals, how then would be its mercy towards man, whom Allah has favored more than all other creatures and honored. Allah, glory to Him, says which meaning of is translated as: “Verily We have honored the children of Adam. We carry them on the land and the sea, and have made provision of good things for them, and have preferred them above many of those whom We created with a marked preferment.” (The Qur'aan, Chapter Al-Isra'a, 17:70). Islam has not only required mercy for animals; it has also made it a way to forgiveness to sins and to Paradise. This is clear from the following tradition which meaning of is translated as: “A man walking along a path felt very much thirsty, reaching a well he descended into it, drank water to his fill and came out, when he saw a dog with its tongue bulging out and trying to lick up mud to quench his thirst. The man said to himself that the dog was feeling the same extreme thirst as he had felt a little while before. So he descended once more into the well, filled his leather Hoosier with water and came up holding it by his teeth and gave the dog a drink. Allah appreciated this act of this man and forgave his sins. The Holy Prophet peace be upon him, was asked: Messenger of Allah, are we rewarded for kindness towards animals as well? He said: There is recompense for kindness to every living things.” (Bukhari).
Islam is not a religion of monasticism, celibacy, devotion of life for the sake of the Hereafter, and abstention from enjoyment of good things created by Allah for man. The Holy Prophet peace and pleassings of allah be upon him, said wh